Jeter

L’exposition «Jeter» examine la question des déchets en Europe d’un point de vue historique, à travers quatre sections: Avez-vous dit déchets? De la réutilisation au rebut (de 1800 à 1945), L’Europe du tout jetable (de 1945 à aujourd’hui), Vivre avec (ou sans) les déchets.

La plateforme en ligne «Jeter» dévoile le thème des déchets d’un point de vue à la fois transnational et transdisciplinaire. Le public peut rechercher, découvrir et partager une multitude de contenus audiovisuels et écrits cogérés en partenariat par dix musées européens.

Le contenu du projet «Jeter» et ses activités résultent d’une contribution combinée de plusieurs communautés, y compris celles qui participent directement à la collecte, au recyclage, à la réutilisation et à la réduction des déchets à Bruxelles.

L’offre pédagogique pour l’exposition temporaire «Jeter» comprend une approche centrée sur le public, ainsi que des ateliers scolaires, des activités interactives et un programme d’événements attrayants.

Cette publication donne la parole aux personnes derrière le projet: des conservateurs et pédagogues de musée aux concepteurs de l’exposition, en passant par des experts locaux en matière de déchets. Des universitaires expliquent comment ils perçoivent les déchets du point de vue de l’histoire, de l’archéologie, de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie et de l’art.

Waste is of a changing and surprising nature. Why do we throw things out? Rubbish serves as valuable historical evidence, because it is a mirror of society and of ourselves.

Archaeologists excavated this seemingly ordinary bottle in camps close by the Valle de los Caídos in Spain. It contained ‘Glefina’, a syrup used to fight malnutrition. It is believed to have belonged to the construction workers of the monument honouring dictator Francisco Franco. This bottle is proof of the hard circumstances the workers and their families had to endure, a story rarely told before.
 

In the 19th century, sorting through rubbish to find valuable materials was a common way to make a living. Even children became so-called ‘ragpickers’, collecting textiles and other materials for sale. This was risky work, as the rag pickers would get in contact with dirty items that posed serious health risks. 
 

The 19th century was defined by a tremendous shift in industrial culture. Still, reusing and reprocessing every item was standard practice. Even excrement was a valuable resource. This ‘dry toilet’ was conceived as an alternative to the increasingly popular water closet, with earth or ashes covering the excrement in the bucket after use. It aimed to save water, avoid polluting rivers and preserve human excrement for use as agricultural fertiliser.

At the end of the century, new production processes, an increased amount of waste and the hygiene movement led to rubbish being considered as something dirty that should be disposed of.

Rubbish can be dangerous.

At the turn of the century, attitudes towards waste changed. Trash was now considered dirty and harmful, rather than a useful resource. Municipal waste management became a pressing issue in the 20th century.

Mass production made goods cheaper, more easily available and consequently, disposable. Waste had become a problem of global scale.
 

Have you ever wondered why things do not last as long as they used to? Some items may break earlier than expected because the manufacturer intended it to. Whether this concept of planned obsolescence is actually real, has been a subject of discussion for quite some time.

Le plastique est devenu l’un des plus graves problèmes environnementaux auxquels nous sommes aujourd’hui confrontés. Cette œuvre montre un ensemble de morceaux de plastique en suspension collectés au large des côtes d’une réserve naturelle du Yorkshire. Mêlant des jouets, des déchets médicaux et des pailles, ce bric-à-brac marin est la conclusion logique de notre société du tout-jetable.

The rubbish Europe is producing has to go some place and this place is usually the Global South. Artist Takadiwa reassembles discarded computer keyboard keys and PET bottle tops to form the Zimbabwean flag. The work criticises the disposal practices of capitalist economies.

How can we, as individuals and as a society, challenge the never-ending accumulation of waste?

In the past, many goods were passed down through generations. Repairing was essential. Things would be used until the last possible moment, until no holes could be fixed, cracks sealed or machines tinkered with anymore.

Managing waste does not mean to just getting rid of it. In order to stop the constant accumulation of rubbish, reusing our possessions might be a solution. If a drum of an old washing machine can be reused as a grill, then anything can find a second life – you just have to be creative.

Waste is a witness of our imprint on earth

Even when it is disposed of, rubbish shapes our environment. Sometimes in a small way, sometimes in a big way. This disposal site for radioactive waste in Spain shows how much attention society has to pay to waste, if it wants to treat it properly.

52 individuals and six organisations in Brussels delved through the topic of waste with us.

Get to know some of the women and men who keep our city clean. They are  public cleanliness professionals who shared with us their knowledge and memories about waste.

Learn from those women and men who repair or find a new use for things that would otherwise be thrown away. They are volunteers or professionals who, by sharing their experience, help us look at objects and materials from another angle – or even give them a second life.

Be inspired by the women and men who limit the amount of waste they produce, sometimes to the point of zero waste. They are ordinary people who decide to bring their personal, individual contribution to the reduction of global waste production.

Get to know who they are, read some of their stories or find out more about the objects they made us discover: 

- in the temporary exhibition where objects are displayed, accompanied by quotes, audio and video testimonies.

- in an article  illustrated with a mosaic of their portraits.

- in the "biographies" of objects published on www.throwaway-project.eu and in the publication.

And meet some of them come to the events organised at the House of European History!